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The
Cold War.
During
post-war the sites of the two bunkers were subject to intense
attention from competing interests. The emergence of the military
threat posed by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European
satellite states in the late 1940s led to the realisation
that the civil defence infrastructure which had been so quickly
run down after the end of the war was necessary again. The
Civil Defence Act of 1948 and later regulations made under
that act, required local governments to make provision for
an infrastructure capable of carrying out the functions of
the wartime ARP * units; at the time, any future war with
the Soviet Union was expected to be very similar to the previous
war with Germany.
Kenton Bar was unique amongst Regional War Rooms of this period
in that it occupied an earlier structure, rather than a purpose-built
facility: it seems likely that the existence of two suitable
structures with existing secure communications links was too
good an opportunity to miss. In plan, the purpose-built regional
war rooms were very similar to the Fighter Command Operations
Room bunker, being focused on a central two level map room
with observation galleries. Council proceedings of 1952 record
the purchase and fitting out of the Filter Room with a purpose
built Sub Control room being built at Heaton. (Location and
details unknown)
The life-span of the Regional War Rooms appears to have been
quite short, though details are unknown. By the time that
most of the purpose-built structures were nearing completion
in 1955-6, the advent of nuclear weapons had led to an enormous
change in the perception of the threat posed by the Soviet
Union, and the needs of Civil Defence. The threat now was
of complete breakdown of central government with the Regional
War Rooms being superseded by Regional Seats of Government
(RSG), fully autonomous regional command centres, hardened
against nuclear attack.
Some of the purpose built Regional War Rooms were adapted
as RSG's, but this was not the case with Kenton Bar which
did not have the room for expansion required for the increased
number of staff. The exact date of closure of the regional
war room is uncertain although it is thought that most of
these facilities had been supplanted by RSG's by around 1960.
After its use as a war room ceased it was used as a training
centre for RSG and later Sub Regional Control staff in Region
1. The presence of materials related to Exercise ARCADE (ROC
run exercise) confirms the continued use of the bunker. Sub
regional control units were on a smaller scale than RSG's
meaning the Kenton Bunker could have been used. However; it
was deemed too near the City centre target area for use as
War HQ for the Newcastle Sub Region, remaining dormant with
occasional staff training until about 1965, after that date
it was used for storage for the government offices on site.
In 1968 it was considered for use as a temporary Sub Regional
Control until a purpose built one could be built in Hexham
however nothing came of this. It remained in use until the
stand down of Civil Defence in 1968 after which date it was
retained on care and maintenance as the County Borough War
HQ. In the 1971 Home Defence Review it was still officially
performing this role and in 1974 it was transferred to Tyne
& Wear County council. The newly formed Newcastle District
Council officially designated it as their war HQ but nothing
was done to it due to the Council's extreme left wing policy
on Civil Defence and their refusal to pay rent to the Home
Office. They instead used the sub basement of Sunderland Civic
Centre letting Kenton Bunker remain dormant. Later in 1982
the Sub Control in Heaton was designated as Main War HQ.
In 1986 Tyne and Wear County was abolished and the newly formed
Tyne and Wear Fire and Civil Defence Authority wanted to turn
the filter room into a modern emergency centre, a scheme that
was halted by the end of the cold war in 1989.
* ARP.
Air Raid Precautions were designed to reduce the damage and
casualties from air raid attacks by German bombers. ARP included
the use of gas masks and shelters, air raid warnings, blackouts
and evacuation. Thousands of ARP wardens, auxiliary firemen
and other members of the emergency services, such as ambulance
drivers and first-aid helpers, were recruited to help ensure
public safety and deal with the aftermath of the bombing raids.
Together these organisations made up the Civil Defence Services.
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